Carbohydrate, monosaccharides, diasaccharides, Maltose, polysaccharides what they Are Made Up.

CARBOHYDRATE
there are three main type of carbohydrate namely the monosaccharides or simple sugars. The diasaccharides or double sugar and polysaccharides such as starch and cellulose shows how they related.
In everyday usage "sugar" means household sugar used to sweeten drinks and foods. This is sucrose which is a diasaccharides. Chemist and biologist use the term "sugar more widely to include all monosaccharides, diasaccharides and other carbohydrate which like sucrose, are sweet-tasting and soluble in water.
carbohydrate are made up of the elements such as carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. They have the general formula Cx(H20)y; x and y can have any value, but there are always twice as many hydrogen atoms as oxygen atoms in a carbohydrate molecule.

MONOSACCHARIDES
general formula CH2O. Glucose and fructose are example of monosaccharides (monos, single and sacharon means sugar). Both have same formula; C6H12O6 but the atoms are arranged differently in their respective molecules. Monosaccharides are common in nature. They are found in honey and many different succulent fruits and give their sweet taste. Glucose is sometimes called blood sugar, for it is the form in which carbohydrate are carried in blood vertebrates.
Simple sugar taste sweet (though less so than diasaccharides) are soluble in water, and diffuse quickly. Most cell use glucose in respiration and it is commonest product of photosynthesis

DIASACCHARIDES
(general formula C12H22011). In the common diasaccharides, each molecule is formed by condensation of two monosaccharides molecule examples of diasaccharides include the following

SUCROSE (cane sugar or household sugar) is the form in which carbohydrate are generally transported in flowering plant. It is extracted commercially from sugar cane and sugar beet. A sucrose with one fructose molecule
Lactose (milk sugar) is present in the milk of mammals, including human beings and  cows.

MALTOSE is an intermediate product in the break down of starch to monosaccharides. For example it is formed in germinating seeds, and during mammalian digestion.
Diasaccharides are colourless, crystalline sub-stances. They are about three times more soluble than monosaccharides, but diffuse more slowly. They are easily hydrolyzed to simple sugars.

Polysaccharides
(general formula: Cn(H20)n¯¹ where n is usually between 200 and 500)
Polysaccharides (Gk: poly many) molecules are much lager than those of sugars because each is formed by the condensation of several hundred monosaccharide molecule. Polysaccharides are generally insoluble in water and are therefore the form in which plant and animals store carbohydrate. Biologically important Polysaccharides include the following: STARCH is found as granules in the cell of most plant organ like yam, cassava, grain and many seeds.
Glycogen, or animal starch is the form in which animals and fungi store carbohydrate. Both starch and Glycogen can be readily hydrolysed to glucose (the simple sugar unit from which each is made) as the plant or animal needs them.
CELLULOSE is the basic material of plant cell walls.
CHITIN is the basic material of insect exoskeletons.
Cellulose and chitin are chemically inactive they do not react with most other substances) this is a useful property in a protective covering.

LIPIDS (lipos,fat) is the collective name for fat and oils like carbohydrate molecules, lipids molecules consist of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms. However, in them the proportion of oxygen is much lower typical formulae are C57H104O (palm oil) and C57H110O6 (beef fat). A lipid is formed when a glycerol molecule combines with fatty acid molecules, as shown
Fat and oil are insoluble In water but form emulsion in the presence of certain substances, called emulsifying agents. Washing-up lipid and bile salts are example of these. An emulsion consist of very tiny droplets of one liquid suspended in another. The droplet remain suspended because they are too small to settle.